Ereshkigal, the ancient Mesopotamian goddess of the Underworld is a deity shrouded in mysteries and depth. The origins of the goddess Sumerian goddess Ereshkigal can be traced back to the earliest days of Sumerian civilization. The people of Mesopotamia believed in life after one’s death, and that the souls of the dead would travel to the Underworld. This place was known as Kurnugia or the Land of No Return, meanwhile the Akkadians referred to it as Irkalla after its queen. the goddess Ereshkigal’s name translates to ‘Queen of the Great Below’, or ‘Lady of the Great Place’. The goddess Ereshkigal is often portrayed as a stern and formidable goddess, reflecting the serious nature of her role as guardian of the dead and Queen of the world below. As the queen of the Sumerian afterlife, her role got similarities with other Underworld goddesses from different cultures. Persephone in Greek mythology who became a queen of the Underworld not because she wanted to. Hel from Norse mythology and Hecate also have connections to Ereshkigal in their roles as guardians of the realm beyond. The underworld goddess Ereshkigal held a vital place in the cosmology of the Sumerians, Akkadians and Babylonians. Ereshkigal is the older sister of the goddess Inanna and known for the role she plays in the famous Sumerian story, “The Descent of Inanna to the Underworld”. the Burney Relief has been strongly suggested to be the representation of the goddess Ereshkigal, though it seems to represent another Babylonian goddess. By the time of the Old Babylonian Period, Ereshkigal was widely recognized as the Queen of the Dead, lending support to the claim that the Burney Relief actually describes her. Ereshkigal was the most feared deity in the Mesopotamian pantheon, because she represented one's final destination from which there was no return. Although Inanna may have inspired similar goddesses in many cultures such as Aphrodite of the Greeks, Venus of the Romans and even Isis of the Egyptians.

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